![]() The stalemate led to the war being called a " frozen conflict", but Donbas remained a war zone, with dozens killed monthly. Both sides fortified their position by building networks of trenches, bunkers and tunnels, resulting in static trench warfare. Immediately after, separatists renewed their offensive on Debaltseve and forced Ukraine's military to withdraw.Īfter the fall of Debaltseve, skirmishes continued but the front line did not change. A new ceasefire, ' Minsk II', was agreed on 12 February 2015. Ceasefire breaches became rife, and heavy fighting resumed in January 2015, during which the separatists captured Donetsk International Airport. Ukraine, Russia, the DPR and LPR signed a ceasefire agreement, the ' Minsk Protocol', on 5 September 2014. Alexander Borodai, former 'Prime Minister' of the DPR, later said 50,000 "Russian volunteers" had fought in the first five months of the war. ![]() The Russian incursion helped pro-Russian forces regain much of the territory they had lost. Ukrainian officials called this a Russian "stealth invasion". In response, Russia covertly sent artillery, tanks and personnel across the border, and what it called a "humanitarian convoy". By late August 2014, Ukraine had re-taken most separatist-held territory and nearly regained control of the Russia–Ukraine border. In April 2014, Ukraine launched a military counter-offensive against pro-Russian forces, called the "Anti-Terrorist Operation" (ATO) until it was renamed the "Joint Forces Operation" (JFO) in 2018. There were 29 failed ceasefires during the war. After a year of fighting, the conflict developed into trench warfare. Russia covertly supported the separatists with troops and heavy weaponry, only later admitting it had sent "military specialists". Armed Russian-backed separatists seized Ukrainian government buildings throughout the Donbas and declared the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics (DPR and LPR) as independent states, leading to conflict with Ukrainian government forces. These began as Russia annexed Crimea, and were part of wider pro-Russian protests in southern and eastern Ukraine. In March 2014, immediately following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, anti-revolution and pro-Russian protests began in Ukraine's Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, collectively 'the Donbas'. The War in Donbas was an armed conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine, part of the broader Russo-Ukrainian War. Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy.Government and intergovernmental reactions.
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